HUmanitys Pursuit of Meaning - 1129 Words

Working Thesis: Robert Louis Stevenson’s Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, is a poignant example of the consequences of signification and humanity’s pursuit of meaning, which in this story lead to devastating results. Signification is what offsets the balance of life and we can’t always know the degree of the consequences will be. Essay: As seen in Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, Victorian society sought to do something impossible, insisting that people can only be defined in terms of one, conscious or unconscious. But because the world is a continuum of balance and humans live in the world, there cant ever be one of anything. There has to be an opposite that comes along with it. So, if there is conscious then there is an unconscious. Those who†¦show more content†¦Hyde. When he let his unconscious into his conscious it became as real and alive as he was. As he titrated more and more of his primitive desires, Hyde as an individual grew stronger. Jekyll no longer recognized the manifestation of his unconscious as something he could control. He didn’t just bring forth the bit of â€Å"Hyde† he was conscious of but all of it, not understanding the depth of his â€Å"shadow.† In life, if something is standing in the sun and has no tangible shadow, it simply isn’t. Nothing exists without a s hadow, a second half because then there’s no context from which to derive meaning. There was a perpetuating belief in Victorian society that humans consist of only one and not two. Mr. Utterson and Edenfield are the epitome of Victorian men because they have not yet acknowledged their other part or unconscious. Utterson and Edenfield are epitomes of Victorian men. At the beginning, Edenfield struggles to match the signifier with the signified. He sees Mr. Hyde and then tries to explain what he looks like to Mr. Utterson but fails; â€Å"he is not easy to describe†¦I never saw a man I so dislike, and yet scare no why. He must be deformed somewhere; he gives a strong feeling of deformity, although I couldn’t specify the point† (Stevenson 9). The inability to concretely â€Å"describe† is continually defined either in terms of an unfathomable opposition or as the ‘undescribable the unsymbolisable or theShow MoreRelatedOscar Wilde s The Picture Of Dorian Gray1295 Words   |  6 Pagesthe use of symbolism and the tools of characterizatio n, such as speech, action, interiority, the narrator, and the actions of other characters towards the protagonist, to illustrate how humanity’s perception of vanity, sin, and beauty are an inherent part of man’s nature and a blinding disillusion to the meaning of life. Naturalism is the objective study of human behavior in literature. The idea of naturalism is that all humans are animals with natural instincts and passions, but their behaviorRead MoreSince Time Immemorial, Humankind Has Gazed Upwards At The1391 Words   |  6 PagesSince time immemorial, humankind has gazed upwards at the canopy of the heavens and pondered humanity’s significance, questioning the meaning of life. Being but mere specks of dust on the canvas upon which the universe paints its portrait of all existence, do we even matter? Are our lives meaningless? Hemingway’s notably minimalistic short story â€Å"A Clean, Well-Lighted Place† offers an opinion on this rather heady subject matter, presenting its perspective in the guise of the story’s theme. 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Some believe the meaning of life is found in love, and the bonds forged throughout ones adolescence as well as adulthood. Others find meaning in art, and the ability to create something completely new and original with ones own ideas and talent. Others still believe life is based on religious duty, and live their every living day believing that their ultimate salvation is formed based on the actions that areRead MoreJudith Wright Poetry Essay.Doc807 Words   |  4 Pageswe are shown Adams pride for the first time. Eve is loving in her criticism of Adam and even makes light of things â€Å"He even complained of my cooking (it was hard to compete with heaven).† Then the poem adopts a darker tone and a more universal meaning as Adam becomes a representative of all men, and Eve of all women. Wright then uses imperative language â€Å"Earth must be made a new Edan† to convey Adams sense of determination in creating a new paradise for himself. It also signifies the transitionRead MoreWar, With Its Horror And Glory1242 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Iliad, and emphasizes the importance of fighting for those one loves (and the enduring kleos to be gained from heroism in battle). The lessons of war, however, manifest themselves differently in the Iliad in the way that war reveals the â€Å"true meaning and purpose of life† – what is worth fighting for and what is not (Mannering). It becomes apparent in History of the Peloponnesian War that self-interest and greed are the main instigators at work as Thucydides repeatedly communicates through theRead MoreFrankenstein Vensor Frankenstein And The Modern Prometheus And Victor Frankenstein1031 Words   |  5 PagesShelley has Victor Frankenstein steal life from nature. As Mary Shelley states in the title of her book Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus, she parallels Victor Frankenstein to the Titan Prometheus. 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Night World Spellbinder Chapter 16 Free Essays

string(73) " sat on either side of her, occasionally putting in a thoughtful remark\." Thea started to let go of Eric. She could still try to save him. But he wouldn’t let go. We will write a custom essay sample on Night World : Spellbinder Chapter 16 or any similar topic only for you Order Now And her own instincts told her to hold on to him. They stood up together, holding each other, facing the Inner Circle as a unit. â€Å"Well,† Mother Cybele said, blinking rapidly. â€Å"Aradia brought us here thinking you might need help. But you’ve taken care of things yourselves. We saw the end, very impressive.† â€Å"I saw it, too,† Aradia said. Her face was turned toward Thea, the faintest trace of a smile on her lips. â€Å"You did a good job, Thea Harman. You’re a true Hearth-Woman.† â€Å"Yes, and where did that last invocation come from?† Gran said, shifting her weight to the cane Rhys gave her. â€Å"I’ve never in my life heard of anybody calling on their own power as a daughter of Hellewise.† She said it in a grumbling way, but Thea had the strange feeling that she was almost pleased. Thea faced them all. Maiden, Mother, and Crone of the Inner Circle. She was still holding Eric. â€Å"I don’t know where it came from,† she said, and was glad to hear that her voice wasn’t shaking too badly. â€Å"It just†¦ came.† â€Å"And what about you? What’s your name, young man?† Gran said. â€Å"Eric Ross.† Thea was proud of the way he said it, quiet and respectful, but not cowed. Gran looked from him to Thea. And back again. â€Å"You’re in this with my granddaughter?† â€Å"He doesn’t know anything. ,. .† Thea began, but of course that was hopeless. And ridiculous. â€Å"I know I love Thea,† Eric said, cutting her off. â€Å"And she loves me. And if there’s some rule that says we can’t be together, it’s a stupid rule.† He sounded terribly brave and terribly young. Thea felt a wave of dizziness. Her fingers tightened on his until both their hands were shaking from the pressure. She realized for the first time that her right hand was fairly seriously burned. â€Å"Please let him go, Grandma,† she whispered. And then, as Gran stood silent, â€Å"Please†¦ I won’t ever see him again and he won’t ever tell. All he’s done is try to help me, try to save lives. Please don’t punish him for what’s my fault.† Warmth pooled in her eyes and spilled over. â€Å"He tried to uphold the law,† Aradia said. â€Å"At least, I think so.† Thea wasn’t sure she’d heard right. Gran didn’t seem to be, either. She said, â€Å"How’s that?† â€Å"Hellewise said it’s forbidden for witches to kill humans, didn’t she?† Aradia asked, her face serene. â€Å"Well, that spirit was a witch who’d already killed a human-and who wanted to kill more. And he helped send her back. He helped Thea undo the forbidden spell, and he helped prevent witch law from being broken again.† Rhys muttered, â€Å"Neatly put,† but Thea couldn’t tell whether that meant he agreed or not. Gran shuffled a step forward, looking at Eric. â€Å"And just what did you do to help, young man?† â€Å"I don’t know if I did help,† Eric said in his quiet, straightforward way. â€Å"Mainly I just tried to keep her from killing me-â€Å" â€Å"When did you light the fires?† Thea asked in an undertone, still clutching his hands. He glanced at her. One side of his mouth quirked slightly. â€Å"Nine o’clock,† he said. â€Å"Even though I wasn’t there.† Thea’s voice was just slightly louder now. â€Å"And you knew Suzanne would come and try to get you, and you didn’t have any magic to fight her. So why did you do it?† He looked at her, then at Gran. Then at her. â€Å"You know why. Because otherwise she’d have gone over to the party.† â€Å"And killed more people.† Thea looked at Gran. Gran was staring at Eric, her dark old eyes very keen. â€Å"So you saved lives.† â€Å"I don’t know,† Eric said again, maddeningly honest. â€Å"But I didn’t want to take the chance.† â€Å"He saved my life, too,† Thea said. â€Å"Suzanne tried to kill me. And I could never have gotten through the spell to send her back if he hadn’t kept her distracted.† â€Å"That’s nice, but I’m not sure it’s enough,† Old Bob said, running a hand over his stubbly chin. His weathered face was quizzical. â€Å"There’s nothing that says upholding one law makes up for breaking another. Especially Night World law. We could get in a mess of trouble fooling with that.† Gran and Mother Cybele looked at each other. Then Gran turned to Old Bob. â€Å"I changed your diapers-don’t tell me you know more about Night World law,† she snapped. â€Å"I’m not about to let a bunch of bloodthirsty vampires dictate to me.† She looked at the others. â€Å"We need to take this somewhere private. Let’s go back to my place.† Somewhere private. Hope kept racing giddily through Thea as the jeep bounced and rattled home. Eric was driving, and Thea was in the backseat, so they couldn’t talk. Aunt Ursula was in the front beside Eric. Gran’s fighting for me. And Aradia, and maybe even Mother Cybele. They don’t want me to die. I don’t think they even want Eric to die. But reality kept trying to push the hope away. What can they do? They can’t condone a witch and a human being together. They can’t risk war with the rest of the Night World, not even to save me. There’s no solution. The little caravan pulled up the back alley behind Gran’s store. And then Thea was in the workshop again, in the circle of chairs. Creon and Belfana had been waiting. So had Blaise and Dani, who were both sitting down. â€Å"Are you okay?† Dani began, standing–and then she shut up. She was looking at Eric, her dark, velvety eyes huge. A human in the Circle. â€Å"We put Suzanne back,† Thea said simply. She took Eric’s hand again. The Inner Circle re-formed around the two of them, witch and human, standing centered. â€Å"We have a situation,† Gran said. And she explained even though most of them already understood the problem. She did it thoroughly, looking at each of the Circle members in turn. Aradia and Mother Cybele sat on either side of her, occasionally putting in a thoughtful remark. You read "Night World : Spellbinder Chapter 16" in category "Essay examples" Thea figured it out in a few minutes. Gran was recruiting each of them, appealing to them-and showing that the Mother and Maiden both agreed with her. She was working them all over to her side. â€Å"And the end result is, we’ve got these two,† she said at last. â€Å"And we have to decide what to do with them. This is a decision for the Inner Circle, for the daughters and sons of Hellewise. Not for the Night World Council,† she added, looking at Old Bob. He ran a hand through rough gray hair and muttered, â€Å"The Council might not see it just that way,† But he smiled. â€Å"There was a time,† Gran said, â€Å"when witches and humans got along better than they do now. I’m sure anybody who’s gone far enough back with their family tree knows that.† Eric looked at Thea, who shook her head and looked at Blaise. â€Å"She means,† Mother Cybele put in, â€Å"that we used to take human husbands, a long time ago. To make up for the fact that there have never been enough witch men. That was back in the days when there was still the third Circle, Circle Daybreak. The one that tried to teach magic to humans.† â€Å"Until humans started burning us,† Belfana said, her freckled face grave under its coil of deep red hair. â€Å"Well, this one isn’t likely to burn anybody,† Aunt Ursula said acidly. At that moment, Thea loved her. â€Å"Nobody is arguing that the laws should be changed,† Mother Cybele said, putting her plump fingers together. â€Å"We can’t go back to those days, and we all know the danger from humans now. The question is, is there any way to make an exception in this one case?† â€Å"I don’t see how,† Rhys said slowly. â€Å"Not without all of us ending up accused of treason.† â€Å"It’ll be the Night Wars all over again,† Nana Bur-uku added. â€Å"Each race of Night People against the others.† â€Å"I don’t wish them harm,† Creon said from his wheelchair, his cracked voice barely audible. â€Å"But they can’t live in our world, and they can’t live in the human world.† And that, Thea thought, sums it up perfectly. There is no place for us. Not while one of us is witch and the other is human†¦. The idea came in a single flash, like the lightning from the balefire. So simple. And yet so terrifying. It might work†¦. But if it did, could I stand it? Would you give up everything? Everything-including Gran and Blaise. Dani and Lawai’a and Cousin Celestyn. Uncle Galen, Aunt Ger-deth. Aunt Ursula†¦ Selene and Vivienne, everybody at Circle Twilight. The smell of herbs, lavender mixed with rose petals. The kiss of cool stones in her palm. Every chant, every invocation†¦ all the spells she’d learned. The feel of magic flowing through her fingertips. Even the memory of Hellewise†¦ Hellewise in her white shift, in the dark forest†¦ Would you give up everything†¦ for peace? For Eric? This time the inner voice was her own. She found herself looking at Eric and knowing she already had her answer. He was so good, so dear. Tender but intense. Smart and brave and honest and insightful†¦ and loving. He loves me. He was willing to die for me. He’d give up everything. Eric was watching her, his gray-flecked eyes concerned. He could tell that something was going on with her. Thea smiled at him. And was so proud to see that even now, surrounded by people who must seem like figures from some horrible legend to him, he could give her a wry half-smile back. â€Å"I have an idea,† she said to Gran and the Inner Circle. â€Å"The Cup of Lethe.† There was a silence. People looked at each other. Gran was startled. â€Å"Not just for him,† Thea said. â€Å"For me.† Long breaths quietly drawn in the silence. Gran shut her eyes. â€Å"If I drank enough, I’d forget everything,† Thea forged on, talking to all the grave faces. â€Å"Everything about the Night World. I wouldn’t be a witch anymore, because I wouldn’t remember who I am.† â€Å"You’d become a lost witch,† Aradia said. Her lovely face was calm, not appalled. â€Å"Like the psychics who don’t know their heritage. And lost witches can live with humans.† â€Å"And neither of us would remember about the Night World,† Thea said. â€Å"So how could we be breaking any laws?† â€Å"The law would be satisfied,† Aradia said. Eric’s hand tightened on Thea’s. â€Å"But-â€Å" She looked at him. â€Å"It’s the only way for us to be together.† He shut his mouth. This silence was very long. Then Blaise, who had been standing with crossed arms, watching, said, â€Å"She told me they were soulmates.† For an instant, Thea thought she was saying it spitefully, to harm. But Gran was turning in surprise. â€Å"Soulmates. That’s a notion I haven’t heard in a while.† â€Å"An archaic myth,† Rhys said, shifting in his lab coat. â€Å"Maybe not,† Mother Cybele said softly. â€Å"Maybe the old powers are waking up again. Maybe they’re trying to tell us something.† Gran looked down at the floor. When she looked back at Thea, there were tears in her fierce dark eyes. And for the first time since Thea had known her, those eyes looked truly old. â€Å"If we did let you do this,† she said, â€Å"if we let you renounce your heritage and walk away from us†¦ where would you go?† It was Eric who answered. â€Å"With me,† he said simply. â€Å"My mom and my sister already love her. And my mom knows she’s an orphan. If I tell her Thea can’t stay here anymore-well, she’d take her in, no questions.† â€Å"I see,† Gran said. Eric hadn’t mentioned that his mom already thought Thea was living in an unstable home with an unbalanced old lady, but Thea had the feeling Gran knew. Another pause, as Gran looked around the Circle. Finally, she nodded and let out a breath. â€Å"I think the girl’s given us a way out,† she said. â€Å"Does anybody disagree?† No one spoke. Most of the faces were pitying. They think it’s a fate worse than death, Thea realized. Blaise said suddenly, â€Å"I’ll get the Cup.† She clashed through the bead curtain. Good. It’s good to get it over with, Thea thought. Her heart was pounding wildly. She and Eric were holding hands so tightly that her burned fingers stung. â€Å"It won’t hurt,† she whispered to him. â€Å"We’ll be sort of confused†¦ but it should come back to us†¦ except anything about magic.† â€Å"You can transfer into zoology,† he said. â€Å"And go to Davis.† He was smiling, but his eyes were full. Dani stepped forward. â€Å"Can I†¦ I’d just like to say good-bye.† She got through that much steadily. Then she choked and threw herself into Thea’s arms. Thea hugged back. â€Å"I’m sorry I got you in trouble,† she whispered. â€Å"You didn’t-you told them it wasn’t my fault. They’re not going to do anything to me. But it’s going to be so lonely at school without you†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Dani stepped away, shaking her head, trying not to cry. â€Å"Blessed be.† Blaise was back, little bells ringing. She had a pewter chalice in one hand and a bottle in the other. Just seeing the bottle sent a shiver through Thea. The glass was so dark with age she couldn’t tell what color it had been originally, and so misshapen it was hard to know if it was meant to be round or square. There was wax over the cork and all sorts of seals and ribbons. Gran broke through the seals, pulled off the ribbons. She tried to twist the cork out of the wax, but Blaise had to help. Then she tipped the bottle above the cup Blaise held. Brownish liquid ran out. Gran poured until the cup was half full. â€Å"When you drink this,† Gran said to Thea, â€Å"you’ll forget me. You won’t know anyone here. But we won’t forget you.† She spoke formally, an announcement before the Circle. â€Å"Thea Sophia Harman, let the record show that you are a true daughter of Hellewise.† She shuffled forward and kissed Thea’s cheek. Thea hugged her, feeling the fragile old body for the last time. â€Å"Good-bye, Gran. I love you.† Then Blaise came, offering the cup in both hands. She looked wild and beautiful, her hair a cataract of black tumbling around her, her hands pale around the chalice. â€Å"Good-bye,† Thea said, and took it from her. Blaise smiled. Now, Thea told herself. Don’t hesitate. Don’t think about it. She lifted the cup to her lips and drank. And choked slightly on the first swallow. It was- it tasted like†¦ Her eyes went to Blaise’s. Which were large and gray and luminous. They looked at her steadily. So steadily that it was a warning. Thea kept drinking. Tea. Watered-down iced tea. That was what the Cup of Lethe tasted like. That bottle was sealed-she didn’t have time- there was wax on the cork†¦ Thea’s mind was churning. But she had enough sense to do one thing-she drank a lot of whatever was in the cup, so there wouldn’t be any left over for the Circle to examine when Eric was done. And she kept her face blank as Blaise took the chalice from her and gave it to Eric. Eric drank, looked slightly surprised, and kept drinking. â€Å"Finish it allll,† Blaise said. Her eyes were still on Thea’s. And that was when Thea knew for sure. You did it before, when you were first talking about giving human boys the Cup of Lethe after spilling their blood at the Homecoming dance. You poured it out and stashed it somewhere and put in tea and redid all those seals-of course you could reproduce them with molds. And now†¦ and now†¦ As Blaise took the chalice back from Eric, it hit Thea in a wave that almost made her hysterical. This is never going to work. They’re never going to believe it. But†¦ Thea took Eric’s hand and sank her nails into his palm. She didn’t dare say a word to him, didn’t dare even look at him. But she was thinking, don’t speak, don’t do anything, just follow my lead. She made her face as blank as a wax doll. Eric was just standing there. He didn’t know what to expect, but he obviously felt Thea’s nails. And he proved how smart he was by not speaking. â€Å"We stand adjourned,† Gran said tersely. â€Å"Blaise, take them out while they’re still confused. They should be able to get home on their own.† She turned away without looking at Thea. â€Å"No problem,† Blaise said. Aradia said, â€Å"I’ll go with you.† How to cite Night World : Spellbinder Chapter 16, Essay examples

Hunger Games vs The Lottery free essay sample

The Hunger Games and The Lottery have many similarities and differences in terms of the dystopian society that is portrayed in each selection. The main event that happens in each story portrays the dystopian societies that they both contain in a few different ways, as well as a similar one. The purpose of the event in The Hunger Games and The Lottery is extremely different from each other. The hierarchy within each dystopian society also has some similarities and contrasts. Each of these stories has many characteristics that are alike and not alike in terms of the dystopian society that is portrayed in each. In the Hunger Games and The Lottery there are the main events which are the Hunger Games and the Lottery. In the Hunger Games, 24 kids are thrown into an arena to fight to the death whereas in the Lottery, a town is gathered and they each draw pieces of paper out of a black box and whoever ends up with the piece of paper with a pencil dot on it gets stoned to death by the members of the town. We will write a custom essay sample on Hunger Games vs The Lottery or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Both of these main events are similar to each other in how they overall portray a dystopian society, but once you take a closer look at the themes behind each main event, they start to differ in a couple ways. In The Hunger Games, the main event shows that the dystopian society in this book is all about human brutality, abuse of power, and oppression. In The Lottery, the main event shows that it is an allegory and people constantly doing the same thing and blindly following traditions without having a reason as to why. These events within the stories are similar and different to each other in the ways that they portray the dystopian society. The purpose of the event in The Hunger Games and the purpose of the event in The Lottery are very different from each other. In The Hunger Games the Capitol hosts the Hunger Games each year so they can punish the citizens of Panem because of how District 13. The purpose of the Hunger Games is to remind everyone in Panem who is in control. In the story The Lottery, the main event which is the Lottery doesn’t have much purpose. The people of each town don’t understand why they do it, the only reason they conduct it every year is because it’s considered tradition to them. Each story’s main event has a different purpose which portrays the dystopian societies in two different lights. Lastly, the hierarchy within each story has its similarities and differences. In The Hunger Games, the Capitol is what rules over all of Panem. They are the people that designed the Hunger Games and they are the main form of hierarchy in this dystopian society. In The Lottery, there is no set person or group of people that rule over the whole nation. There is no specific group of people that keep the Lottery from dying out like there is in the Hunger Games. However, both of these stories do have a similar form of hierarchy in the people who conduct the events. Effie Trinket and Mr. Summers are the two people who conduct the event for District 12 in The Hunger Games and for the small town in The Lottery. Because each of them are the main ones who conduct the event for their designated region, they do not have to partake in these events so they are both safe. The hierarchy comparisons and contrasts in the hierarchy within each dystopian society play a large part in how it is portrayed. The Hunger Games and The Lottery share many similarities and differences in how the dystopian society is portrayed in each of them. The main event that occurs in the novel and in the story portrays two different types of dystopian societies, even though the main idea of the event is very similar. The purposes of the main event in each of these selections differ greatly, which by default portrays the dystopian society in a very different way. Each story also has a different way of portraying the hierarchy within their dystopian society. Both stories have unique differences and share similarities in terms of how they portray their dystopian societies.

The Experienced Touch at Heritage Christian Home

Statement of the problem The care and support for the developmentally disabled residents at Heritage Christian Home on Yorktown Road in Penfield, New York, is proving to be a jigsaw puzzle with regard to hiring of the staff to care for the disabled. The Home is faced with an acute shortage of labor force. This has forced the Home to embark on hiring older staff to serve the developmentally disabled.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The Experienced Touch at Heritage Christian Home specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This has so far seen the trend reverse in terms of hiring the staff. Fives years ago, a job that used to be done by fresh college graduates has now been taken up by old retirees who are over sixty five years. In the 1990s, the New York State Cares launched an initiative aimed at reducing the state’s 10,000-persons on waiting list for admittance to group homes. This move exacerbated faster growt h of care institutions. They have set up many homes within a short time. The process of recruiting these older counselors and other old staff has become expensive. The staffing crisis has compelled Heritage Christian Home to use very expensive advertising media like cable TV and radio as opposed to putting adverts in the classified section. The growth of homes has been blamed on this issue. Possible causes of the problem The possible causes of the problem can be identified. Firstly, nowadays, there is an illusion about the old staff at the facility from the residents about their services. Secondly, the demand for the old staff has increased. The reason cited for the increased demand for this group of staff is because of the setting up of many other organizations involved in the care of the developmentally disabled persons. Secondly, there is an illusion from the residents about the old having experience and parental skills as opposed to fresh graduates from college. Thirdly, with th e entry of other organizations in providing care, there is increased competition, thus making adverting for the recruitment of old staff become very expensive. Analysis of these causes or reasons behind the problem The feeling of the residents as depicted by the staff is testimony of their work. The state to some extend has contributed to the menace with the opening up of more homes. Examining the problem because of the high demand of the old, one can say the organizations should rethink the kind of staff to hire. However, the old care givers are favored at these homes because of their experienced touch, furthermore, they come with parenting skills. The global credit crunch could also be pushing the retirees to consider looking for gainful employment. On one hand, the move is welcome to hire the old, because it reduces the burden of supporting these old by the young. On the contrary, the retirees are seen as taking the jobs that would otherwise been held by fresh graduates from coll ege. Retirees can be supported by retirement schemes.Advertising Looking for case study on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Suggestions/recommendations The Home plays an important role in improving the quality of life of the developmentally disabled residents. The labor force crisis can be resolved by; hiring the young fresh graduates from college who are readily available; the exploration of other cheap avenues for recruiting these old people; offering internship opportunities to young fresh college graduates. This will enable them to work with the old experienced staff and learn the parental skills of caring for the developmentally disabled persons. These strategies can go along way in addressing the problem of increased demand of experienced old staff in these Homes. This case study on The Experienced Touch at Heritage Christian Home was written and submitted by user Emilie Chambers to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

On My First Son by Ben Jonson Essays

On My First Son by Ben Jonson Essays On My First Son by Ben Jonson Paper On My First Son by Ben Jonson Paper This was frightening, because the Red Cross was the sign put on houses struck by the plague. And after few days he received a letter from his wife telling him that his son Benjamin had died. Johnson writes the poem as if he is talking to his son, and he assumes that the boy can hear or read his read. He calls him the child of his right hand both to suggest the boys worth and also the fact that he would have been the writers successor (the mage comes from the bible, it reflects on the way Jesus is shown as sitting at Gods right hand). The mood of this poem shows the somber and grief but on the other side it also shows a bright side how he loved his son. The atmosphere/tone is reflecting on him talking about his son, how his son was everything and he put his son In place instead of god. Beginning is sad as It shows straight away that he loves her but suggests that something bad has happened -death. A calmer atmosphere pervades n the last four line, where the poet Is in positive mood, seeing his son as his finest creation. The middle section from line 5 Is the most emotional one, but Johnson tries to be philosophical about his grief seeing death as an escape from a troubled world. This poem Is twelve-line long, and It Is written using Iambic pentameter, Johnson arranges the lines using six pairs of rhyming couplets. The middle section from line 5 is the most emotional one, but Johnson tries to be philosophical about his grief seeing death as an escape from a troubled world. There Is a lot of heart touching quotes In this poem. Johnson has used his language effectively, the second line Is really heart-breaking, my seine was too much hope of thee, loved boy. Johnson blames himself for the death of his son; he loved him too much and had high hopes for him. The whole of the second line as If Johnson writes as he Is talking to his son and thou wert lent to me suggest that his son was a gift from heaven. Will man lament the state he should uneven explains paradox, the boy Is going to escape the hardship life and the misery of aging. Rest In soft peace this quote proposes that his son has gone to a better place, euphemism makes death sound comforting. In conclusion On My First Son by Ben Johnson (1572-1637) By Aviva him talking about his son, how his son was everything and he put his son in place instead of god. Beginning is sad as it shows straight away that he loves her but in the last four line, where the poet is in positive mood, seeing his son as his finest creation. The middle section from line 5 is the most emotional one, but Johnson tries to This poem is twelve-line long, and it is written using iambic pentameter, Johnson There is a lot of heart touching quotes in this poem. Johnson has used his language effectively, the second line is really heart-breaking, my seine was too much hope of much and had high hopes for him. The whole of the second line as if Johnson writes as he is talking to his son and thou wert lent to me suggest that his son was a gift from heaven. Will man lament the state he should envied explains paradox, the boy is going to escape the hardship life and the misery of aging. Rest in soft peace this

Articulated Prepositions in Italian

Articulated Prepositions in Italian You’ve learned about prepositions like â€Å"a†, â€Å"di†, and â€Å"da†, but you’ve also been seeing ones that look like â€Å"al†, â€Å"del†, and â€Å"dal†. Are these the same prepositions, and if so, how do you know when to use them? These prepositions are called articulated prepositions, and they are formed when the simple preposition (like â€Å"su†) combines with a definite article (like â€Å"lo†), and form one word that looks like, â€Å"sullo†. Why Do Articulated Prepositions Exist? Despite the difficulty they add to all of the Italian grammar you have to learn, articulated prepositions are probably one of the reasons you like listening to Italian. They add a melodic flow to the language that makes Italian easier on the ears. What Do Articulated Prepositions Look Like? Below you’ll find a table with all of the articulated prepositions.   For example: Ho comprato delle uova. - I bought some eggs. Delle - di le Note: Pay particular attention to what happens when you combine the preposition â€Å"in† with a definite article as the form changes more dramatically than the others. Articulated Prepositions in Italian Definite Article A DI DA IN SU CON il al del dal nel sul col/con il lo allo dello dallo nello sullo con lo l all dell dall nell sull con l i ai dei dai nei sui coi/con i gli agli degli dagli negli sugli con gli la alla della dalla nella sulla con la l all dell dall nell sull con l le alle delle dalle nelle sulle con le Esempi: Vai al cinema? - You’re going to the movies?Vorrei tanto andare negli Stati Uniti! - I would really like to go to the United States!Ci sono tanti ristoranti sulla spiaggia. - There are a lot of restaurants on the beach.Uno dei miei amici mi ha consigliato di andare a Verona. Che ne pensi? - One of my friends advised that I go to Verona. What do you think?Mi piace leggere alla sera. - I like to read in the evening. Also, note that you only need to know how to change five of the seven prepositions into their articulated forms, with con typically only combining with il and i.   You never need to change â€Å"tra†, â€Å"fra† or â€Å"per†. When Do You Use Articulated Prepositions? When you do or do not use this form of prepositions can get tricky very quickly as there are often more exceptions than rules. However, there is one rule that tends to stay consistent. Typically, you would use articulated prepositions when the noun following whatever preposition you’re using requires an article, like â€Å"Che ore sono? - What time is it? → Sono le dieci. - It’s ten†. When you’re talking about time, the article is most likely needed. With that in mind, you would know to use an articulated preposition in this phrase: We’ll see each other at ten. → Ci vediamo alle dieci. Some expressions in Italian are also fixed and must include the articulated preposition, and you’ll often see this happen with locations. For example, â€Å"I’m going to to the dentist† would be, â€Å"Vado dal dentista†. It’s easier, however, to talk about when you should avoid using articulated prepositions. Here are the most common situations. DON’T use articulated prepositions before: A name, like â€Å"Luca†Names of cities, like â€Å"Boston†Fixed phrases, like â€Å"vacanza da sogno - dream vacation†

Eaarth by Bill McKibben - A New Devastated Planet Essay

Eaarth by Bill McKibben - A New Devastated Planet - Essay Example It should be noted that the author has a particular reason for adding another ‘a’ in the spelling, i.e. he considers that humans are not living on the planet Earth. Humans have over-populated the planet with increased global warming and testing nuclear bombs on earth. It is the pollution and industrial sweep that have actually made the frozen tips of mountains to melt down, causing increased sea levels leading to floods. There are many other reasons behind the global warming that have actually led the author to think of a title which has an additional ‘a’. (McKibben). The philosophy behind the entitlement of the book is not an illusion. The need of the hour is to address the climate change that is taking place with fast pace. It should be noted that Bill McKibben has also noted the fact in his work that it is already too late to make change, because the greatest damage that is likely to place is already underway. Humans have avoided the consequences a great deal, which is resulted in the present situation (McKibben). Bill McKibben has already been writing for many newspapers including The New York Times and Mother Jones etc. The subject matter of his writing has always been environment and nature. His first book was published in 1989 which remarkably educated people about climate change and its basics. His first book about climate change was more like an encyclopedia that was translated in many languages and published throughout the world. Despite the renounce of his book, the attitude towards climate change by major countries of the world remains avoidable. In other words it could be said that the book written on the subject of environment has been a part of encyclopedia but none actually tried to act on it (McKibben). It seems that Bill McKibben blames the bigger industries for the oil spills and ruining the marine life. There are many instances of his writing pieces that show anguish concern against the multinational organizations. According to his book Eaarth, it was noted that there are many oil companies that have marked increased profits within the time period of three years. This shows that companies are more interested to make maximum profits without having any considerations of the environment (McKibben). The philosophy of Bill McKibben is not any different than that of other environmentalists, such as John Muir and Edward Abby, but the approach is far effective than others. If we compare the written pieces of John Muir and Bill McKibben, it comes to understanding that John has rather discussed the beautiful scenarios of the planet E,arth whereas Bill McKibben shows the changing aspects of the environment that will not let the beautiful scenarios to remain seeable for the future generations (Muir). Readers of the essays by John Muir would surely understand the beauty of different parts of the world. The book takes the readers to the adventurous and beautiful ride to the world. But it should be noted tha t the climate change taking place in the world is deadly and can cause a number of fatalities such as volcanoes, tsunami, hurricanes and spread of deadly diseases which have already increased its toll (Muir). The philosophy of Bill McKibben is not just based upon writing implications but also practical intervening. Bill

Find a good website containing information about Louis XIV, the Sun Essay

Find a good website containing information about Louis XIV, the Sun King as a Dancer. (Middle Ages and Renaissance) - Essay Example also started and sponsored many schools and academies during his reign, to teach court dancers, who practiced this dance form under the tutelage of some of the best dancers and composers of those time. One particular thing about court ballet was that they were danced solely by men, without any participation of women dancers. This webpage is published by Maxine Mahon, the Director of California Ballet. California Ballet is a San Diego based ballet company, that promotes performances affiliated to the classical ballet art form. Thereby, the information given on this web page is credible and authentic. The intended purpose of the information given on this web page is to introduce the ballet lovers to the history of ballet art form. This web page being published on 24 May 2010, the information given on it could be deemed to be up to date. All the information regarding the role played by Louis XIV in popularizing court ballet is presented in an illustrative and objective manner. Overall, this webpage makes an interesting

Factors change Essay Example for Free

Factors change Essay After I have recorded all the results and written into tables, I used the data to make graphs, which are voltage against current. When I finished marking all the points on to the graphs, I put a line of best fit through. There are five graphs in total, each represents a thickness, on a graph there are five lines of best fits, and each represents a length of a thickness. Then I pick a point on the lines of best fits and calculate the gradient (resistance) by dividing the point on y-axis (voltage) by the point on the x-axis (current) as the ohms law states that V=IR. Finally, I have to draw five graphs to show the relations between length (on the x-axis) and resistance (on the y-axis). Also, I have to draw another graph to show the relations between thickness (on the x-axis) and resistance (on the y-axis). Evaluating Although the whole experiment has been going very well, but the results seems to show some bias or errors as in one or two of the graphs, the pattern is quite strange because some of the gradient (resistance) is not proportional to the lengths. Overall, the experiment can be said as a success. The aim of this experiment is to measure how the resistance change as the factors change. There are so many variables-temperature of surroundings, length, thickness, material, temperature of the wire, surface area, magnetic properties, coated or not and purity-that can be chosen to measure in this experiment. But in this experiment I am only going to measure two of them, which are length and thickness because these two are the easiest to measure and show the effects on the resistance. Prediction: The result should be showing that the resistance increase as the length or thickness increase. This happens because when length or thickness increases, the current will decrease. As the voltage wont change, if the current decreases, then the resistance will increase. Method: In the experiment I will need to use apparatus listed below.

Criticism of Religion in Voltaire’s Candide Essay -- Candide essays

Criticism of Religion in Voltaire’s Candide In his novel Candide, Voltaire often criticized religious beliefs of the times. His criticism of religion surfaces throughout the entire story. The kindness of the Anabaptist that Candide met showed the silliness of religious prejudices. The old woman's story of her father, Pope Urban X, and the life of wealth she lived as a child shows the corruption of the Catholic clergy. Finally, the conversation Candide and Cacambo had with the old man in Eldorado shows the benefits of a simple religion, a contrast of the European religions of the time. During the eighteenth century, the Anabaptists were often persecuted and hated because of their radical religious beliefs. Voltaire attacked this custom with his description of the kindness of an Anabaptist by the name of James. Candide found himself in Holland, a Christian country, with no food or work, so he asked one of the Protestant citizens for some bread. After Candide did not admit that the pope was the antichrist, the Protestant yelled at him, "You don't deserve to eat... go you scoundr...

Absorbent Mind essay Essay

Absorbent Mind Mind- â€Å"The human consciousness that originate in the brain & is manifested especially in thought, perception, emotion, will, memory & imagination. The collective conscious and unconscious process in a sentiment organism that directs & influence mental & physical behaviour.† Guideline by Navadisha Child’s aim:- Reproduction of adult or Self Construction In child development Physical characteristics always accompanied with psychological characteristics. One of these characteristics is ‘Absorbent mind’. Aim of first plane – Independence & Adaptation For Achieving aims Nature given a dynamic power to child in his first plane of development dynamic power-Absorbent Mind- Means – manner of absorption or absorb the idea of sequence or attitude towards the existance Purpose- 1 guiding for getting intelligence 2 help in creating behaviour by own (cause of not fixed) 3help in process of adaptation & self creation 1.Characteristics of absorbent mind:- (in first Plane i.e called fundamental creation in process of self construction Second embryonic life)) †¢ Universal †¢ Disappear at the age of 6 †¢ Works continuously even in sleeping †¢ Work tirelessly †¢ Can not withdraw or erase/convert/replace †¢ Instantaneous †¢ No capacity of discriminate & judgment/non selective †¢ Different form adult’s mind †¢ Adopt from purposeful environment – adaptation of language /movement/social behaviour/order †¢ Collecting raw food from environment †¢ Voluntary †¢ Not measurable †¢ No alteration †¢ Capturing everything †¢ No sequence †¢ Invisible †¢ Enthusiasm for absorption †¢ Permanent †¢ Propels by nature †¢ global Analogy:-sponge, camera, spotlight, photographic plate †¢ Difference between child’s mind & adult’s mind What derive these fundamental aspects:- 1. Link to love †¢ Born with love for environment †¢ Immerse himself with everything present there †¢ With open arms accepting the experience whatever is coming on their way †¢ Involvement with full of energy & enthusiasm †¢ Everything is wonder & glowing †¢ Inner urge( created by nature) in child force him towards work †¢ Inexhaustible work 2. conscious will arrived in 2.5yrs, nature reciedes 3. special kind of memory occurs I.e MNEME- unconscious memory 1. unique for 1st plane 2. Vital capacity 3. Limitless impulsive 4 power of retention (locked up for whole life) Absorbent mind is creative in nature which helps building the human characteristics without selection. Starts in the womb itself. Adaptation of environment:- Two phases |Birth to three |Three to six | |Unconscious phase |Conscious phase/conscious worker | |No will |Life begins again/ time of exploration –powers given by nature | |No intelligence |Will/intelligence takes place | |New child for new day |Capacity –choose/move/aware | |Creating unconsciously |concentration | |Certain adaptation in place- |integration(help in usage of capacities) | | |Exercise on real activities | Aspects of Adaptation (functions of absorbent mind):- |Acquisition of Movement |Acquisition of language |Acquisition of social behaviour | |Born with reflexible movement, Sucking , breathing,|Language creator |Emotions & emotional stablity | |rooting ,touching startled | |Safe & secure | |Voluntary movements-mind driven |Observe lip movements |Culture/intellectual | |Forms mental development |From sea of sounds-attracts towards human |Spritiual / time/ place | | |language | | |Focusing on human way of doing |tone |order | |Absorbs every movement present in environment/ base|Hearing/expressions /integration | | |is same | | | |Senses help in mental development |Absorb surrounding language | | |0-3 manner/ 3-6- decide to develop |Tool of gradually building language | | |Specific way of movement but base is same |3-6 – refine & use in own way |3-6 – incartion in conscious phase | Adult’s Role: Understand the role of absorbent mind in child’s development Help him to create great foundation in first stage of development 1. [pic]

Food Channels Culture in Pakistan

To make something palatable and delicious, all u need is some boneless chicken, some cheese, fresh cream and mushrooms, mix well and fry in plenty of olive oil. Serve in Italian crockery and garnish with French olives. Stay†¦Please doesn’t rush to the kitchen. I am only reminding you that this is the actual way of cooking, we hear these days. I am sure you all are well aware of the timings of your favorite and famous cooking shows. It is the time when every sister mother and possibly you too hang in front of TV set with a pen and note pad to note down the recipe of mouth watering dishes.By taking a U-turn from cultural Aloo Gosht, one might feel himself a part of this fashionable era. Food has always been a big part of the Pakistani culture, but with the current revolution in the means of media, the food industry in Pakistan seems to have exploded. Food is ubiquitous in Pakistan. Exclusive food channels are growing day by day which broadcast cooking shows throughout the d ay. Newspapers and magazines are filled with advertisements and recipes for food items.One might even get the impression that the Pakistanis live to eat, rather than the other way around. And yet, buried underneath this apparent feast of excesses, lies a shameful secret. Pakistan is the country where people are deprived of basic necessities of life; easy approach to food has become a misery. This is the time when the country has faced a catastrophic flood which has devastated 1/5th of the country and affected 20 million people. Food crisis are bigger then tsunami and millions of people have been starving.Still the motto of our cooking channels is â€Å"eat all; enjoy all†. The present state in which we survive, simplicity is the best policy. In the contrary the cooking channels promote extravagancy. Each program prepares three to six dishes at a time and also promotes the idea of starters and sweet dish along with the main meal. Separate meal for the children is out of questi on. By watching this, one may assume that the children are born to eat burgers, French fries, nuggets and drinks. The ingredients, used in cooking shows, compete the gold prices.Every meal starts with boneless chicken and ends up with the display of foreign crockery. The people, who can afford this, have their meals in five star restaurants or in the home, made by their cook. The rests stay desperate and heart broken. The channels claim that the way to win the goodwill of husband and in laws is through the kitchen. Obviously in a country like Pakistan nobody can deny the above statement but the question is what the husband would do when his wife will spend half of his month’s salary in her one day’s cooking experience.Ultimately the goodwill will convert to ill will. Our religion commands us to lead a simple life and Our Holy Prophet (Peace be upon him) is the best example of it. Hadith says that â€Å"Who ever adopts moderation can not be bankrupt†. In the curr ent scenario Pakistan can not afford such extravagancy. Cooking shows are not inadequate if they are really earnest in training women and society in simple and positive manner. Food is a basic human right and a necessity but eating food should not be a luxury.

Why Bloggers Should Care About Audience Fragmentation

Why Bloggers Should Care About Audience Fragmentation Media and audience fragmentation has been a source of worry for television and traditional media. There was a time when everyone in the nation sat down to watch the same shows at the same time. But now,  instead of a few television networks with a handful of programs that large swaths of the country would be watching together, there are now hundreds and hundreds of television channels and programs. And lets not forget that streaming services like Hulu or Netflix. The audience is now fragmented. Were not all on the same page, consuming the same content, understanding the same references. Theres more choice, and sub-groups are created based on their preferred choices. There is no longer one huge audience. There are many, many audiences.Audience fragmentation is generally heralded as a Bad Thing for traditional media. Is it bad for content marketing, too? Audience Fragmentation And Blogging When blogging started back in the mid-1990s, it was a bit like early television. There were a few blogs, and most tended to cover broad this is my life topics. There werent too many niche blogs (though there were a few). WordPress arrived on the scene in 2003, along with something else that changed the direction of blogging: AdSense. With the arrival of AdSense came the opportunity to make money through blogging instead of just using it to share an online journal.  By 2005, there were 32 million Americans reading blogs,  meta blogs (blogs that talked about blogging) were exploding in popularity, and people began to focus more keenly on how to make money blogging. By 2010, there were 152 million blogs. The ability to make money off of a blog necessarily led to niche blogs. After all, you could make more money through a tightly focused audience than a broad, general one with waxing and waning interest. Niche blogs, like cable networks and streaming video, led to fragmentation in blog readers.  Blog readers learned they could look for specific content that they had an interest in. Most werent reading general or personality-based blogs that didnt at least have an identifiable niche topic. Dont Panic About Audience Fragmentation Media analyst and blogger  David Brennan has a  less negative take  on audience fragmentation for traditional media. While Brennan acknowledges that there is no longer a few huge audience groups consuming the same media, he argues that fragmentation has allowed people who normally wouldnt watch television to start watching. Using two specific examples of people who might not have watched much television before, he concludes   that this particular audience has a passion which fragmentation-era broadcast TV can now satisfy; which has quietly resulted in significantly increased hours of viewing from the most unlikely audiences. In other words, audience fragmentation shattered the big generic audiences, but also brought in new media consumers who werent part of any audience at all. It helped  grow  media consumers.  Big general audiences tend to exclude the fringe audiences. Once fragmented, those fragments found each other, and the fringe audiences had a place to go. Instead of one way to reach one audience, there are now many ways to reach many audiences. If you wanted to, you could look at it as a sum zero game.

Case Study of diagnosis and treatment of Gout

Case Study of diagnosis and treatment of Gout A 50 year-old male presented for an evaluation of rapid onset of pain and swelling in his right toe. The patient reported that he had two similar previous episodes with the same symptoms lasting four to five days and was treated by emergency physicians. The patientà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s past medical history is significant for hypertension and treated with Hydrochlorothiazide. The review of systems was negative for headache, fever, chills, rash, earache, sore throat, cough, rhinorrhea, vision changes, weight loss, or change in appetite or disposition. The patient was afebrile, and this blood pressure was slightly elevated. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION: General: The patient is a pleasant male who appears to be in no apparent distress. Vital Signs: blood pressure 123/48, heart rate 76, Temperature 38.3 and 98% on room air. HEENT: Extraocular muscles are intact. Pupils are equal, round, and reactive to light and accommodation. Neck: Supple. No jugular vein distention noted. No carotid bruits noted . Lungs: Clear to auscultation bilaterally. No wheezes, rubs or rhonchi. Heart: Regular rate and rhythm. Normal S1, S2. A 2/6 to 3/6 systolic ejection murmur at the right upper sternal border. PMI is nondisplaced. Abdomen: Notable for laparoscopy surgical wound. Positive bowel sounds. Extremities: MTP is red, hot and swollen. Neurologic: The patient is alert and oriented x3. No focal neurologic deficits noted. Pathophysiology Gout is an inflammatory disease characterized by the deposition of uric acid crystals in and around joints, subcutaneous tissues, and kidneys. Although men and women are equally affected by gout, men are six times more likely to have serum concentrations above 7 mg per dL. Gout typically occurs during middle age and is uncommon before the age 30 years old. Women rarely have gouty arthritis attacks before menopause 1. Clinical Presentation Gout attacks are usually associated with precipitated events. Patients usually present with rapid onset of severe pain, swel ling, redness, and warmth in one or tow joints. This pain and inflammation are caused by inflammatory response. Acute attack untreated attacks usually last two to 21 days depending on cases. There are four clinical stages of gout according to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). The first stage is known as asymptomatic hyperurecemia. During this stage, the patients can have an elevation of uric acid in the blood but they do not have any symptoms yet. After more and more urate deposits around a joint and if any trauma triggers the release of crystal into the joint space, patients will suffer acute attacks of gout. This second stage is known as acute gouty arthritis. The third stage, known as interval or intercritical gout, involves the interval between acute flare gout attacks with persist crystals in the joints. When crystals deposits continue to accumulate, patients are likely to develop chronically stiff and swollen joints. This stage is called chronic tophceous gout. Some permanent damage to affected joints and sometimes to kidneys can be seen. This advanced stage is relatively uncommon if patients receive proper treatment. Differential Diagnosis Gout in the elderly is often polyarticular and involves upper extremity joints (especially proximal interphalangeal joints and distal interphalangeal joints). Women present 70% of the time with polyarticular disease rather than the classic monoarticular arthritis seen in men. Gout can be mistaken for rheumatoid arthritis because tophi may resemble rheumatoid nodules and rheumatoid factors often become weakly positive as people age. It may be difficult to differentiate cellulitis or septic arthritis from gout, particularly when a fever, leukocytosis, redness, or desquamation is present. The term pseudogout, for calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease, belies the difficulty in clinically differentiating it from gout. For definitive diagnosis, joint fluid must be aspirate d for culture and a search for urate crystals.

Nobel memorial prize for economics 2009 elinor ostom Research Paper

Nobel memorial prize for economics 2009 elinor ostom - Research Paper Example In the context of the current global economic crisis that has been brought about due to a paradigm that celebrates unlimited growth and rampant misuse of the world’s resources, Ostrom’s work takes on a significance that goes beyond theory and if applied to the real world of ecosystems and how we can manage with the resources that have been bequeathed to us by nature, her work is indeed laudatory. Ostrom’s work is especially relevant when one considers the fact that our planet is in the throes of an ecological crisis due to climate change arising out of burning fossil fuels and that we as a species have used up most of the finite resources like oil, minerals etc. Hence, Ostrom’s pioneering work in the field of managing common pool resources can be said to be especially relevant for the times that we live in. To quote from a website that analyzed her work in the area of self governance and usage of common pool resources, â€Å"In general there are two main governance structures that are widely accepted in the literature; market or government oriented solutions. The eminent free-rider problem thwart social optimality when individuals do not coordinate their actions and cooperation cannot be accomplished internally. Ostrom argues against both of the external mechanisms and, through her extensive fieldwork, shows that self-governance is possible where communities develop their ruling systems to manage common pool resources. Her findings clearly indicate that rules imposed or dictated have little legitimacy and would be violated. On the contrary, when there is consensus on the governing principles or internal enforcement apparatuses people tend to obey them. This presentation aims to delve into more details of her criticisms of standard economic governance theories. Then, her contributions to collective decision making and her

Supply chain inventory, people, technology and risk Assignment

Supply chain inventory, people, technology and risk - Assignment Example People involved if not well trained and equipped can be a major source of risks. In the recent years, companies have been introducing advanced technology that is relatively more reliable and accurate. Perhaps one of the main challenges facing most companies in their operations is obsolescence and fraud. Over the past years, cases of fraud have highly been reported in the UK. The government has established specialized bodies to fight fraud. Serious Fraud Office is one of the bodies together with National Fraud Authority are but examples of such bodies. The technology industry has greatly been affected in the UK with Obsolescence over the last decade. This is highly associated with the quick advance in technological advancement. In order to be prepared against these two obstacles, companies have to develop well planned strategies. In these strategies, three factors are inevitable; inventory, people and technology. This report analyses how O2, the second largest telecommunication company in UK. The report tries to put into perspective the challenges and strategies used by the company in its operations in an effort to have an effective supply of its products and also fight fraud. This has jointly been attained through training of its employees and use of cloud based inventory system. O2 is the second leading telecommunication company in the UK. The company offers a wide range of services and products from mobile phones, SIM cards, internet bundles, and also financial services like the O2 Money which allows people to send money, receive money, pay bills among other transactions. The diversification of its products and services has seen the company expand its market and customer base over the past years. The high number of customers comes with its challenges. Among the challenges is how to handle demand and supply. This is mainly depended on their management on the inventory. The supply chain has to be well

Individuals Relationship to the Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individuals Relationship to the Community - Essay Example Sartre's existentialism and Human Emotions talk about how an individual can get the essence of his individuality through his existence. According to him, humans are thrown in this world without essence and with the span of time that he spends in the world, he has the chance to make decisions for there are choices available no matter what kind of situation circumstance he will be. He also added that since the people are born in the environment where there is no external value, it is already his chance to achieve the internal value that he desires. This optimistic view of existence can be related to how people base their decisions, most of which depend on what will people say and how people will judge. The individual and the community can never be separated although that is the aim and the goal of each one, still to depart from what is real and existing as a factor of survival is absolutely impossible. That is because of the reality that man cannot live and interact with himself alone. The interaction with other people that is needed for the nourishment of his physical, mental and emotional aspects is quite significant to be disregarded. This is the same reason why the community, the place for interaction is indispensable for his survival. The disadvantage comes in when free will and personal decisions get replaced by what we call "rules," rules which Freud said to be a kind of mutual relationship which replaces the individual's freedom by the rules of the society. This means that one is restricted to do things of his desire to give way to order and justice. Individual instincts for happiness are also controlled so as to reach the level of civilization which is thought to be progr ess. And since we talked about progress as another goal of every society, we can't remove the fact that progress deals with new technology which just like what Said mentioned in his book Representations of the Intellectual can somehow alter the real meaning of freedom. This is due to social conformity that needs to be accomplished to get the work done riding along with technology. The improvements and progress being the aim of every community and society, or group of individuals which usually follow a rule will always violate the so-called "norm of freedom" which Said partly talked about in the said book. The point being raised here is that even if there is a choice for man to be totally free at a given time or place, there is always a big possibility for him to be submissive to the rules which to him will bring forth bigger advantages. The violation then comes in when the expectations of the man who went struggling to deprive himself from personal satisfaction for a bigger cause gets corrupted by a bigger longing not from an individual but from the society, which supposedly is the on that would protect and or work for his desires to be achieved. A violation can also be done to personal freedom of choice and decision is when at a moment, the basis for a particular action or agendum is already the reaction of the community which cumulatively formed the rules in the society. What went wrong between the individual and the community was the interlocking of desires both from the individual and the community. No matter how mutual the so-called rules can be, there is always a greater desire that may pass over the well-made rules of the

Does Water Hyacinth Affect The Ph Level Environmental Sciences Essay

Does Water Hyacinth Affect The Ph Level Environmental Sciences Essay Invasive aquatic plant species are causing a growing threat in South Africa, as well as the whole world. These plants threaten the freshwater bodies causing a wide spread degradation on the environment. This study aims to see if Water Hyacinth can help the environment in which it inhabits by neutralising the pH level of acid water. As water hyacinth is a fast growing invasive species that can be controlled by weevils and pesticides  [1]  which can be used to assist in the purification and neutralisation of South African water sources. South Africas water sources are limited and in high demand. As 76.5% of the Earth water is polluted  [2]  , this study can enable the possibility of neutralising acid water. Aim Does water hyacinth affect the pH level of water contaminated with an acidic pH? Research Question Water hyacinth will affect the pH level of acidic water as it will be tested in controlled environments where comparisons between acidic and neutral water can be drawn as water hyacinth will be placed in both conditions and over time, the pH level of the water will be tested to observe the change of pH level of the water due to the water hyacinth. Hypothesis. Water hyacinth will alter the pH level of the acid water and make the water become more neutral, closer to 7. Rationale This research is important as water contamination and pollution is a growing problem in South Africa. As water hyacinth is able to grow at rapid rates, by deciding where one needs to pollinate their seeds, we can breed the plant in contaminated water to resolve the pH levels of the water. The water levels have a great effect on the ecosystems in and around it so with acidic water, ecosystems will be destroyed and the surrounding habitats and ecosystems near the water will be lost or destroyed. The topic is of great importance as there are severe problems concerning drinking water in the world and this can aid to fix the pollution of water around the world. Literature Review This project shows great importance as Water hyacinth is a problem on a global level. The problem of over population of this plant causes death of water life as sun light is restricted by the water hyacinth and therefor the plants at the bottom of the dam providing food and nutrition to the life start do die and add to the pollution as they do not receive sunlight for photosynthesis. When these plants have died, the dead fish (for example) begin to decompose which adds to the pollution of the already polluted water. There have been numerous studies around the world into the use of water hyacinth as a pollutant monitor.  [3]  Water Hyacinth has been tested to observe the absorption of arsenic, cadmium lead and many other metal compounds.  [4]  The plants can be tested to study the percentage of the compounds absorbed by looking inside the roots and stems and conducting tests to look at the compounds absorbed by the plants while living in the solution.  [5]  With all plants being made up of chemical structures, an imbalance of chemicals can cause plants to deform and in some instances die. There have been experiments to prove how the concentration of the chemical affects the growth of the plants. In this study, the plants are being tested whether or not the water hyacinth can improve the pH level of acidic water. Plants are very sensitive to high pH levels vinegar and dish washing liquid as a previous test conducted to see the survival of the plants at different pH levels resulted in the death of the plants after only one week when placed in solutions with high pH levels and normal garden plants flourish at a pH level of between 6.3 and 7.8  [6]  . Water hyacinth is a plant with easy access and grows in specific conditions which could alter the results as plants are sensitive to the conditions in which they grow. Sources of pollution are direct pouring waste into water and washing clothes in fresh water streams and indirect leaking oil pipes and runoff from eroded lands  [7]   which both add to the pollution levels as well as effecting the pH levels of the water as there are harmful substances being added to a sensitive ecosystem. As water hyacinth is not indigenous to South Africa and originated in Brazil where their ecosystems were equip to control this plant and ensure it did not take over the water sections. South Africas water does not have the methods in place to cope with the overtaking of this plant as it is clogging up water ways, reducing the rate of water flow and adding to the pollution of the water  [8]  . If this plant could have a positive function, it could be controlled by humans and used for only that function. Method i) Label 9 small plastic bags (3 x control, 6 x acid ) with a permanent marker. ii) Using an electronic scale, weigh 24grams of fertilizer and repeat 9 times. iii) Place each 24g of fertilizer into a separate bag. iv) Using an electronic scale, weigh 8grams of Iron chelates and repeat 9 times. v) Place each 8g of Iron chelates into one of the bags. i) Place 3 sets of 3 tubs in an enclosed area ii) Measure 80ml of water and pour the water into each tubs. iii) Draw a line with a permanent marker at the meniscus on the tub. iv) Label three of the tubs Control and the other six Acid v) Add one of each of the small plastic bags of the fertilizer and chelates to each of the according tubs vi) Add 3 plants of Water Hyacinth into 3 of the tubs vii) Measure 5ml of a coffee solution to each of the six acidic tubs iix) Place one of each tub in a row and make 3 rows of 3 tubs. ix) Record the pH level of each tub using HP pool testing strips in the table. x) Take pictures of each of the strips next to which tub it is. xi) Record the data once a week for 8 weeks. The collection of the pH level of each tub once a week for 8 weeks will allow one to observe the effect of water hyacinth on water with irregular pH levels. Week 1 TUB pH Control Acidic 1 Acidic 2 Week 2 TUB pH Control Acidic 1 Acidic 2 Week 3 TUB pH Control Acidic 1 Acidic 2 Week 4 TUB pH Control Acidic 1 Acidic 2 Week 5 TUB pH Control Acidic 1 Acidic 2 Week 6 TUB pH Control Acidic 1 Acidic 2 Week 7 TUB pH Control Acidic 1 Acidic 2 Week 8 TUB pH Control Acidic 1 Acidic 2 A table showing the average pH levels of the three tubs over eight weeks. Tubs Average pH level Control 1 2 Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 7 Week 6 Week 8 pH level A line graph showing the change in pH level of the control tub over 8 weeks Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 7 Week 6 Week 8 pH level A line graph showing the change in pH level of acidic tub 1 over 8 weeks Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 7 Week 6 Week 8 pH level A line graph showing the change in pH level of acidic tub 2 over 8 weeks Plan for Data Analysis Using the collected data of pH levels from each of the nine tubs, after the 8 weeks, 3 separate line graphs can be drawn to show the neutralisation of the acidic water. The data will be collected from the 2nd of March to the 20th of April. Bibliography African Entomology vol. 19 No. 2 2001. J.A Coetzee http://www.chemistryexplained.com/Va-Z/Water-Pollution.html. Dan M. Sullivan Invasive Aquatic Plants. Lesley Henderson and Carina J Cilliers. 2002. Science direct : http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0143147182900605 http://www.plantea.com/pH.htm

Futile Dreams of Escape in The Glass Menagerie :: Glass Menagerie essays

Futile Dreams of Escape in The Glass Menagerie      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   "I have always been more interested in creating a character that contains something crippled. I think nearly all of us have some kind of defect, anyway, and I suppose I have found it easier to identify with the characters who verge on hysteria, who were frightened of life, who were desperate to reach out to another person" (Rasky 134). This statement of Tennessee Williams supports the idea that he incorporates something crippled into all his major characters.   In his play, The Glass Menagerie, Williams portrays a crippling mother and child relationship. He clearly illustrates that none of the characters are capable of living in the present. The characters believe that happiness will be found in their repeated quests for escape from the real world. As such, they retreat into their separate worlds to escape life's brutalities.    Set in Depression-era St. Louis, the overbearing Southern ex-charmer, Amanda Wingfield is the de facto head of the household. A former Southern belle, Amanda is a single mother who behaves as though she still is the high school beauty queen. Williams' still-resonant study reveals her desperate struggle with the forces of fate against her dysfunctional relationship that looms and grows among her adult children. (Gist)    Laura, Amanda, Tom, and Jim resort to various escape mechanisms to avoid reality. Laura, fearful of being denigrated as inferior by virtue of her innate inability to walk, is shy and detaches herself from the unfeeling modern world. Amanda tries every means to integrate her into society, but to no avail. She sends her to business school and invites a gentleman caller to dinner. She is both unable to cope with the contemporary world's mechanization represented by the speed test in typing and unable to make new acquaintances or friends due to her immense inhibition with people. Her life is humdrum and uneventful, yet it is full of dreams and inundated with memories. Whenever the outside world threatens Laura, she seeks solace and retreats to her glass animal world and old phonograph records. Amanda, her mother hints at the alternative of matrimony for fiasco in business careers and Laura "utters a startled, doubtful laugh. She reaches quickly for a piece of glass." (Williams, ). The gl ass menagerie becomes her tactile consolation.    The little glass ornaments represent Laura's self and characterize her fragility and delicate beauty.

Economic Analysis Of An Oligopoly Market Structure

NEW YORK – Feeling bad about the economy? Indulge a little, have a soda. Marketers at Coca-Cola Co. and PepsiCo Inc. are counting on that sentiment to appeal to consumers overwhelmed with a drumbeat of bad economic news. â€Å"What people want to do is pause and refresh,† said Coca-Cola chief marketing officer Joe Tripodi. Pepsi, the world's second-largest soft drink maker, launched a new marketing campaign at the beginning of the year, while No. 1 Coke launched its campaign three weeks later.Soda makers, who have seen their highest-profile products lose ground to energy drinks and pricey bottled water in recent years, are turning away from the lifestyle marketing that has dominated the soda wars. Now, they hope to draw customers back to the old favorites with a simple lure: they're cheaper — or at least a better value. Coke's campaign includes 16-ounce plastic bottles of Coke, Coke Zero, Diet Coke, Sprite and Fanta for 99 cents. The new size could draw people lo oking for a bargain, in that a 20-ounce bottle costs $1. 25 to $1. 50.An ad campaign called â€Å"Open Happiness† and tied to the â€Å"Coke Side of Life† ads launched on â€Å"American Idol† last week. One spot features two students sitting across from each other in a library and flirting by drawing competing images of Coke bottles and on their arms. â€Å"A lot of people have left the category,† Beverage Digest editor John Sicher said last week. â€Å"Also, a lot of young people have not entered the category, so these ads may help Coke both recruit new young consumers and re-recruit some lapsed ones. † Coke plans to run three ads during Sunday's broadcast of the Super Bowl football championship on NBC.PepsiCo spokeswoman Nicole Bradley said PepsiCo would air five to six minutes of commercials for bottled drinks during the Super Bowl, making it the biggest advertiser for the game. The ads will feature Pepsi, Gatorade, PepsiMax and SoBe Life Water. With the launch of its new logo, the company also has increased its number of drink ads on billboards and in other public places such as subway stations, bus stops and on tops of taxis. In recent years, as U. S. soda sales fell steadily — including 2. 5 percent in the third quarter last year at PepsiCo,  while Coke doesn't break out soft drink performance — the two turned to other bottled drinks for growth. PepsiCo refocused its drinks portfolio around bottled Lipton teas and Starbucks coffees, its Aquafina bottled water, Izze sparkling juice drinks and others.Coke made the biggest drinks acquisition in industry history in June 2007 when it bought Glaceau's VitaminWater for $4. 1 billion. Though its products contain plenty of sugar, the brand had attracted health-conscious consumers with drink names such as Power-C, Defense, Endurance, Rescue and Multi-V.But CEO Muhtar Kent said last fall that soft drinks are the â€Å"oxygen of our industry. † The chief exec utives of both soda makers indicated they were refocusing on soft drinks last fall as consumers felt the weight of a recession but it had not yet been officially declared. PepsiCo's push is â€Å"complementary† with the trend of shoppers trading down, the company's North American beverages chief Massimo D'Amore said Tuesday. He declined to say the company was appealing to consumers' pocketbooks. â€Å"We will not communicate on price,† he said in an interview. â€Å"Value to consumers is much broader than price.It's not the primary focus of our marketing. â€Å"D'Amore told reporters gathered Tuesday to hear details of the company's Super Bowl plans that Pepsi's drink portfolio is the â€Å"exact ammunition† it needs to win in the current climate. Chief Executive Indra Nooyi has said the company — which also owns the Frito-Lay, Tropicana, Gatorade and Quaker brands — aims to slow the decline of U. S. soda sales. Both companies are grappling with how to hold on to consumers that have grown wary of the high-fructose corn syrup that is used in a wide variety of bottled drinks, from soft drinks to bottled teas and energy drinks.David Schardt, senior nutritionist at the nonprofit Center for Science in the Public Interest, said â€Å"the companies' latest campaigns are not going to improve public health if sales of sugar-based sodas do rebound†. â€Å"We already drink too many of our calories† he said. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF AN OLIGOPOLY MARKET STRUCTURE 1. INTRODUCTION 1a. ARTICLE SUMMARY Not many corporations can boast of a 100 Year rivalry. The beverages industry witnessed such intense competition between Coca-Cola and PepsiCo.One can say that the competition between the corporations was and still is  so intense that it could be likened to sibling rivalry. The product offerings of both companies are so similar, if Pepsi were to offer a new product it wouldn’t be surprising to see Coca-Cola follow suit. Pep si has always taken the lead in developing new products, but Coke soon learned their lesson and started to do the same. The companies not only compete in soft drinks, but also have branched out to other beverages including coffee, juice drinks and even water. As the companies lose their market share in energy drinks and pricy bottled water in recent years; now they refocus on soda pop to draw customers back.PepsiCo is innovative with launching a marketing campaign of new logos while Coke’s campaign is price strategy with a range of cheaper products. The fact is each company is coming up with new products and ideas in order to increase their market share. The creativity and effectiveness of each company's marketing strategy will ultimately determine the winner with respect to sales, profits, and customer loyalty. 1b. JUSTIFICATION OF THE TOPIC Pepsi and coke control over 75. 3% of market (as shown in the figure 1).These two companies have significant control over the direction of the market in terms of price, quality and taste. This clearly indicates that the industry has a duopolistic structure. It is not easy to enter into the market as it needs a large investment and can expect the big players to crush into the competition. The presence of barriers to entry protects the present players from competition from new firms. The companies compete on product differentiation either through product itself or through heavy advertising to reduce the elastic of demand for their product.Clearly the industry is oligopolistic with the market shared between these two firms, and the oligopoly characteristics of high concentration ratio, fewness, high barriers entry, product differentiation and mutual interdependence apply. Figure 1 Source: Beverage Marketing Corporation, New York. Retrieved from www. beverageworld. com > â€Å"data and statistics† on 4/10/2008 2. ECONOMIC ANALYSIS A firm under oligopoly faces a kinked demand curve (see figure 2). The point of th e kink is the point of the established market price.The kink of the demand curve suggests that a competitor would react asymmetrically to price increases and price decreases by the firm. Suppose the price is established at $1. 99 for a six-pack of either Pepsi or Coke. Let's consider the demand curve for Pepsi. If Pepsi increases its price to $2. 49 per six-pack, it will lose some of its market to Coke along the AB component of the demand curve. Pepsi will be able to sell 500 six-packs a day instead of the original sales level of 1000.Coke is likely to stay at $1.99 and enjoy the additional sale, as some people who were originally buying Pepsi will be switching to Coke. If Pepsi lowers its price to $1. 49 to gain an advantage over Coke and increase it sales to 1500 six-packs, it may not succeed. The increase in sales by Pepsi to 1500 can only happen if Coke did not react to Pepsi's price cut. However, Coke is likely to match the price reduction by Pepsi to protect itself against los s of market share. As the result of price cuts by both Pepsi and Coke, there will be an increase in sales by both — at least partially at the expense of smaller competitors.The sales of Pepsi increase to 1300 six-packs per day from the original 1000. This is along the BC segment of the demand curve. Therefore, there are two demand curves facing Pepsi—AB relatively elastic for price increases and no reaction by Coke, and BC relatively inelastic for price decreases and price matching reaction by Coke. This explains the kinked demand curve for Pepsi and similarly for Coke. Notice that the kink in the demand curve is at the established market price. It is also important to realize that the established price tends to be maintained.Neither Pepsi nor Coke will be inclined to raise their price since it would cause loss of sales and market share to the rival. Also neither of them is particularly interested in lowering the price and starting a price war since the outcome is loss of profit for both in favor of consumers. The profit maximization level of output can be determined by adding to the demand-MR model the cost curves for a firm under oligopoly. The profit maximizing level of output is 1000 six-packs of Pepsi, where MC = MR. Pepsi can sell this quantity at $1. 99 according to the demand curve.The average total cost of production at 1000 level of output is $0. 99 per six-pack. Therefore the company is making $1000 a day of economic (or excess) profit as illustrated in Figure 3. An interesting observation is that the profit maximization of oligopolies, generally, occurs at the kink of the demand curve, which in-turn represents the established market price and market shares of the oligopolies. Another observation is that moderate changes in the cost conditions of oligopolies do not cause a change in their profit maximization quantity and price as long as they are in the vertical range of the MR curve.This implies that technological improvements that lo wer the cost of production or change in the price of inputs encountered by an oligopoly would not lead to a quantity or price change. We therefore suggest that under an oligopoly market prices are rigid. Firms especially avoid lowering their price from fear of igniting a price war. Instead oligopolies resort to non-price competition such as advertising. Price wars can and occasionally do occur when one of the dominant firms in the oligopoly market experiences a significant decrease in its production cost and attempt to increase its market share.Coke and Pepsi know that they are spending millions of dollars on advertising just to counter each other’s ads. Advertising game will provide us with a modeling framework within which to show the choice that the managers of oligopolistic firms face. ( see figure 4) Although it would increase both firms’ payoffs if both play â€Å"Less Advertising†, this cannot be easily achieved. According to the above payoff matrix, play ing â€Å"Intensive Advertising† yields a higher payoff for Coke no matter what Pepsi does. In other words, â€Å"Intensive Advertising† is Coke’s dominant strategy.Similarly, â€Å"Intensive Advertising† is also Pepsi’s dominant strategy. Given that there is no guarantee the other player plays â€Å"Less Advertising†, each player will play â€Å"Intensive Advertising†, which is the unique Nash equilibrium of this game. 3. CONCLUSION Sales of carbonated soft drinks have been declining in US for several years, as consumers turn to a growing number of new beverages like enhanced waters, sports drinks and energy drinks. But the problems have accelerated in a volatile economy, with consumers eating at restaurants less and buying fewer grab-and-go beverages.In addition, consumers are increasingly choosing tap water over other beverages at restaurants and at home to help save money and the environment. Both companies have also relied on fin ding new markets, especially in foreign countries. Although the goal of both companies are exactly the same, the two companies rely on somewhat different marketing strategies. The companies must be willing to accommodate their â€Å"target markets†. They have to always be creating and updating their marketing plans and products. Gaining market share occurs when a company stays one-step ahead of the competition by knowing what the consumer wants.

Communication Leaflet Essay

Idea occurs: this is when you think of an idea that you want to communicate. We all communicate for a reason, which is usually to pass on information to another person. Message coded: once we have thought of an idea we compose this within our thoughts, how we are going to say our idea to the recipient in a way the recipient will understand. For example, is the message going to be spoken to them, do they speak English. Is the message going to written down for them or are we going to use sign language, if so, what signs are we going to use to portray our message. Message sent: idea/message sent to the recipient. Message received: message is received by the other person. The recipient senses they have a message, for example either by seeing the message you’re signing or have written to them or hearing the message you’re speaking to them. Message decoded: recipient looks at the message and has to process what you have communicated for them to understand what has been spoken, signed or written, the message could be misunderstood easily by interpreting words differently. Message understood: the message has been received, decoded and understood by the recipient. If it has been communicated clearly, for example if there were no barriers within the communication cycle, the recipient will show their understanding by replying to your message. As the conversation continues, the sender of the message will then become the receiver of the replied message and so on and so on. Example of a message being sent using the Communication Cycle. The cycle will only continue if both parties understand what one another are sending, they can only do this by listening and processing what is being sent, understand then you can reply appropriately. In the communication cycle, things don’t always go smoothly and communication can break down when the cycle is broken. The cycle can break if the sender is unclear when they are sending their message or the receiver can misunderstand the message due to other distractions and then assume something else was being sent. Working in health and social care, your communicational skills are one of the most important skills you’ll need and use everyday. When communicating with patients/service users it is important they understand what discussions are taking place so they can join in them and it is equally as important for you to understand them so you know what they need and the choices they want to make. Communication barriers There are so many barriers that could affect communication between people. For example: Noisy surroundings: these can be a barrier as you may not be hear what is being spoken over the noise. For example, The manager of a care home was having a staff meeting when they were distracted with a noisy drilling and hammering sounds from workmen using loud tools in the room next door.. To overcome a noisy distraction you could ask the workmen how long they are going to be and if it isn’t too long you may take a break or postpone your meeting until they have finished. You could ask if they could delay theirs works for the remainder of your meeting. If this is not possible, rearrange your meeting for a later day, move room location for the remainder of the meeting. Disabilities: A physically disabled person attending their eye appointment and there is no lift at the opticians. To overcome this barrier you would enquire to see if the have another means to transporting the service user up the stairs and if this was not possible, enquire if the appointment could take place downstairs and if this was not possible, arrange an appointment where they can accommodate a wheelchair. Cultural differences: same meaning but different beliefs in different cultures. For example, eye contact when initially greeting some cultures is important but continuing eye contact is seen as a sign of disrespect. Some cultures like you to introduce yourself, they like a smile and a shake of hands. They are particular with the way they shake hands, extend the hand out and gently touch the other person’s hand, they don’t like the strong grasping shake of hands that the some cultures have. Bad lighting: bad lighting can be a distraction for example, someone who is visually impaired and wears glasses is at a meeting and the bright florescent lights are reflecting off their lenses or flickering distracting their sight. To overcome this barrier, you would enquire of any disabilities people may have, such as visual impairments or epilepsy and would not use lighting that will affect their condition or change room locations if the problem of flickering lights persists. Jargon: is technical terminology used by professionals for example, when a doctor uses full medical terminology when speaking to a service user and they do not explain what they mean in a way the service user can understand. Slang: is wording and phrases that are used by service users that could have several ways of being misinterpreted by others, for example, the elder service users may say they have water problems, and they are meaning they have toileting problems, we may think they mean tap water problems. Slang can be used when all parties understand. Language barriers: someone who doesn’t speak in a language you understand, for example, they are foreign or they can only communicate with sign language. To overcome a language barrier, enquire what language they communicate and have in place a signer if needed or a translator. Body language: is an aid to expressing what we want to communicate, verbally and none verbally. Body language that can be misinterpreted, for example, a manager stood at their office door with their arms folded may be seen as they are angry when really they are stood there listening as they are waiting for a visitor. Aggression: an aggressive attitude is often a barrier as this behaviour is frightening to others and can be intimidating. Mobile phones: ringing at the wrong time, for example, you are at Sunday mass with a service user and whilst your at the alter with the service user, your mobile phone rings. To ensure mobile phones do not ring, put signs in place to ask people to kindly turn their mobiles on silent if they cannot turn them off for any reason.